AIDS1 ; Patients with HIV-1 infection and CD4+ lymphocyte count ≤ 100/mL |
Ritonavir vs. placebo |
AIDS-defining illness or death |
Median 28.9 weeks |
37.5 |
21.9 |
6 (5 to 10) |
AIDS1; as above |
Ritonavir vs. placebo |
Death from any cause |
Median 51 weeks |
23 |
16 |
14 (9 to 43) |
Herpetic gingivostomatitis2 |
Acyclovir vs. placebo |
Oral lesions |
8 days |
70 |
6.5 |
2 (1 to 2) |
Eating difficulties |
47 |
6.5 |
3 (2 to 5) |
Drinking difficulties |
30 |
3.2 |
4 (2 to 11) |
HIV infected persons with previous antiretroviral treatment3 |
Indinavir, zidovudine + lamivudine vs. zidovudine + lamivudine |
Changes in HIV RNA levels and CD4+ cell counts. |
24 weeks |
0 |
90 |
2 |
Shigellosis in Bangladeshi children4 |
Vitamin A vs. no vitamin A |
Clinical cure by day 5 |
5 days |
20 |
45 |
4 (2 to 18) |
Bacteriological cure from day 3 |
39 |
38 |
Not significant |
HIV infection; breast-fed infants5 |
Zidovudine vs. placebo |
HIV-1 infection in the live-born children of women in the study |
6 months |
27.5 |
18 |
11 (6 to 100) |
Sexually transmitted diseases in minority women6 |
Behavioral intervention (3 weekly group sessions in which recognition of risk, commitment to change and acquisition of skills were discussed) vs. control group (received 15 minutes of standard individualized counseling by nurse clinicians according to guidelines from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) |
Subsequent infection with Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, assessed by testing endocervical samples with DNA probes |
6 and 12 months |
26.9 |
16.8 |
10 (6 to 32) |
HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis7 |
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) vs. placebo |
Death |
10.5 months |
22.6 |
13.3 |
11 (7 to 26) |
≥ hospitalization |
12.4 |
7.6 |
21 (11 to 172) |
HIV-1-infection8 |
Efavirenz plus zidovudine and lamivudine vs. indinavir plus zidovudine and lamivudine |
Percentage of patients with suppression of plasma HIV-1 RNA to < 400 copies/mL |
48 weeks |
48 |
70 |
5 (4 to 10) |
meningitis9 |
Dexamethasone vs placebo |
death |
8 weeks |
25 |
15 |
1 (5 to 73) |