| Acute otitis media (AOM)1 |
Xylitol syrup vs. control syrup |
Incidence of AOM |
3 months |
41 |
29 |
8 (4 to 53) |
| Xylitol gum vs. control gum |
|
|
28 |
16 |
9 (5 to 36) |
| Xylitol lozenges vs. control gum |
|
|
28 |
22 |
Not significant |
| Diarrhea incidence in children treated with antibiotics2 |
Lctobacillus GG vs. placebo |
Incidence of diarrhea |
10 days |
26 |
8 |
6 (4 to 13) |
| Stool consistency < 4§ |
|
48 |
17 |
4 (3 to 6) |
| Acute otitis media3 |
Amoxicillin suspension vs. placebo |
Persistent symptoms at 4 days |
6 weeks |
72 |
59 |
8 (4 to 72) |
| Clinical treatment failure at 11 days (persistent fever, earache, crying, irritability or no improvement in appearance of the tympanic membrane) |
|
70 |
60 |
Not significant |
| Constipation in children4 |
Cisapride vs. placebo |
clinical response (>3 spontaneous bowel movements/week with no fecal soiling and no use of other laxtives for ≥ 2 weeks) |
12 weeks |
42 |
76 |
3 (2 to 60) |
| Routine primary immunisation5 |
Longer needle vs. shorter needle (control) |
Any local reaction up to 3 days |
3 days |
84 |
62 |
5 (3 to 19) |
| Redness at 6 hours |
|
66 |
40 |
5 (3 to 81) |
| Redness at 1 day |
|
63 |
28 |
3 (2 to 7) |
| Redness at 2 days |
|
39 |
9 |
4 (3 to 8) |
| Redness at 3 days |
|
28 |
4 |
5 (3 to 9) |
| Swelling at 6 hours |
|
58 |
23 |
3 (3 to 6) |
| Swelling at 1 day |
|
63 |
28 |
3 (2 to 7) |
| Swelling at 2 days |
|
51 |
19 |
4 (3 to 7) |
| Swelling at 3 days |
|
40 |
13 |
4 (3 to 10) |
| Children with asthma exacerbations6 |
Ward care based on a clinical pathway (comprised a nurse driven protocol for weaning bronchodilators, regular peak flow measurements, asthma teaching, prescriptions for home treatments and coordination of care between the attending physician and private medical doctors) vs. usual ward care |
Discharge within 24 hours of admission |
2 weeks |
38 |
15 |
5 (3 to 14) |
| Acute diarrhea in children7 |
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) vs. standard care |
Unscheduled follow up visit |
10 days |
17 |
11 |
16 (8 to 481) |
| ORS use |
|
71 |
85 |
8 (5 to 17) |
| Head lice in children8 |
Malathion lotion vs. bug busting (control) |
Live lice at 7 days after treatment |
7 days |
63 |
23 |
2 (2 to 6) |
| Severe watery diarrhea in children9 |
Racecadotril vs. placebo |
5 day cure rate |
5 days |
66 |
84 |
6 (4 to 29) |
