The action cycle is the process by which knowledge is implemented. The seven action phases can occur sequentially or simultaneously and the knowledge phases can influence the action phases at several points in the cycle. There are multiple theories from different disciplines that can provide an understanding of each phase. The action parts of the cycle are based on planned action theories that focus on deliberately engineering change in health care systems and groups. These theories outline the processes needed to implement knowledge in health care settings, namely:

• Identifying the problem
• Identifying, reviewing, and selecting the knowledge to implement
• Adapting that knowledge to the local context
• Assessing the determinants of knowledge use (barriers and supports)
• Selecting, tailoring, implementing, and monitoring KT interventions
• Evaluating outcomes or impact of using knowledge
• Determining strategies for ensuring sustained knowledge use